There are a number of different surveys conducted by the US Census. There are a few:
American Community Survey (ACS)
This survey asks many more questions than the Decennial Survey. Information from this survey helps communities plan budgets for schools, elder programs, veterans, transportation, and issues like how many people have access to health care.
“The AHS is sponsored by the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) and conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau. The survey is the most comprehensive national housing survey in the United States.”
“The Census of Governments identifies the scope and nature of the nation's state and local government sector; provides authoritative benchmark figures of public finance and public employment.”
This Census happens every ten years and counts all residence in the country. It is often referred to by the year ie: 2020 Census.
Economic Census
This census started in 1810 with the first Census of Manufactures. This information is now gathered every five years. “The Economic Census provides detailed information on employer businesses, including detailed data by industry, geography, and more. The first data release will be in September 2019.”
Go to the US Census to find additional surveys and programs.