Federal Budgeting Process

"This report is intended to describe in brief each of the parts of the budget process, discuss the role of Congress in each aspect, and explain how they operate together. They include the President’s budget submission, the budget resolution and reconciliation, the authorization and appropriations process, and budget enforcement and sequestration." Issued by the Congressional Research Service.

Instructions to federal agencies about preparing the budget. Issued by the Office of Management and Budget.

An overview of the budgetary procedures performed by the President, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), and agencies, including an overview of the development, submission, and justification of the President’s budget proposal.

Lays out the timeline for the development, submission, and justification of the President's budget, and the execution of enacted budgetary legislation.

"Describes the development and operation of the framework for budgetary decisionmaking." Issued by the Congressional Research Service.

This guide from the Congressional Research Service explores the initial preparation of agency budget requests, agency performance planning & reporting, and OMB review & modification of agency budget requests.

This guide from the Congressional Research Service explores the initial preparation and OMB review of agency budget requests.

This guide from the Congressional Research Service explores the content, development, and submission of the President's budget.

Short answers for common questions about the federal budget and budget terminology from the House Committee on the Budget.

From Bloomberg Government. Breaks down the theoretical timeline, explains the significance of each step, and highlights how details of the federal budget impact state budgets.

"This backgrounder describes the laws and procedures under which Congress decides how much money to spend each year, what to spend it on, and how to raise the money to cover some or all of that spending."